Decoding your car's VIN is a great way to understand its origins, and each character of the 17-character identifier tells you something about the specific vehicle. The 10th character is the model year code, part of the standardized VIN system, which has been in use since 1981.
| Code | Year | Code | Year | Code | Year | Code | Year | Code | Year | Code | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1980 | L | 1990 | Y | 2000 | A | 2010 | L | 2020 | Y | 2030 |
| B | 1981 | M | 1991 | 1 | 2001 | B | 2011 | M | 2021 | 1 | 2031 |
| C | 1982 | N | 1992 | 2 | 2002 | C | 2012 | N | 2022 | 2 | 2032 |
| D | 1983 | P | 1993 | 3 | 2003 | D | 2013 | P | 2023 | 3 | 2033 |
| E | 1984 | R | 1994 | 4 | 2004 | E | 2014 | R | 2024 | 4 | 2034 |
| F | 1985 | S | 1995 | 5 | 2005 | F | 2015 | S | 2025 | 5 | 2035 |
| G | 1986 | T | 1996 | 6 | 2006 | G | 2016 | T | 2026 | 6 | 2036 |
| H | 1987 | V | 1997 | 7 | 2007 | H | 2017 | V | 2027 | 7 | 2037 |
| J | 1988 | W | 1998 | 8 | 2008 | J | 2018 | W | 2028 | 8 | 2038 |
| K | 1989 | X | 1999 | 9 | 2009 | K | 2019 | X | 2029 | 9 | 2039 |
How Does the 30-Year VIN Cycle Work?
The VIN standard purposefully does not include the letters I, O and Q because they are easily confused with the numbers 1 and 0. In addition, the model year codes U, Z, and 0 (zero) are not used.
Years cycle from A to Y, then 1 to 9, then back to A again. For example, the year code was "Y" for 2000 and "1" for 2001. 2009 was the last year of the cycle, with the year code "9." The cycle started over with "A" in 2010, beginning a new 30-year cycle.
The 7th Character Rule
Codes for the same year repeat every 30 years. So the 7th character of the VIN is a secondary character to tell the difference between old and new cycles. A numeric 7th character is for the 1980-2009 cycle and the 7th letter character is for the 2010-2039 cycle.
Model Year vs. Manufacture Date: What's the Difference?
The 10th character of the VIN will tell you the model year of the vehicle, but this is not always the actual year the vehicle was built. It’s common practice for carmakers to introduce a new model year months before January. So a car that rolled off the line in October 2025 can already be listed as a 2026 model.
The production date, on the other hand, is the actual date of assembly and should be found on the certification sticker on the driver's-side door jamb.
VIN Year Code Examples
The table below shows examples of how the 10th character of the VIN corresponds to the model year, and also includes the 7th character, which helps confirm the correct model year cycle:
| VIN | 7th Character | 10th Character | Model Year |
|---|---|---|---|
7FARS4H78SE005868 |
H |
S |
2025 |
1GTH5BEA0L1214129 |
E |
L |
2020 |
WBAKP9C57GD980813 |
C |
G |
2016 |
3GCPCPBX3AG113799 |
B |
A |
2010 |
JTEHH20V226020846 |
0 |
2 |
2002 |
Official Sources & Standards
- ISO 3779 – Vehicle identification number (VIN): Content and structure
- 49 CFR Part 565 – VIN: Requirements
- ISO 4030 – VIN: Location and Attachment
Frequently Asked Questions
Does the 10th VIN digit indicate the model year outside North America?
Can fraudsters alter the 10th VIN digit to fake a newer model year?
How are "half-year" models represented in the 10th VIN position?
What VIN year code applies to custom kit cars and replicas?
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